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Garden Calendar

Select a month to learn more about keeping a healthy and beautiful lawn and garden.

January February March April
May June July August
September October November December

 

January/February

Lawns

  • Rake fallen leaves to prevent lawn suffocation.
  • Clean, sharpen and oil gardening tools.
  • Tune-up and repair the lawn mower and sharpen blade.
  • Avoid injury to the lawn by keeping foot traffic to a minimum when soil is frozen.

Flowers

  • Start seeds under lights for transplanting in spring.
  • Check fall planted perennials and water as needed.
  • Watch for frost heaving of tender perennials and recover.
  • Replenish winter mulch around roses and other plants.
  • Check bulbs in storage for decay and discard.
  • Prepare orders for mail.
  • Soil test and make needed improvements.

Trees & Shrubs

  • Check for deer and rabbit damage at the base of trees and shrubs.
  • Water young trees and shrubs as needed.
  • Apply dormant oil for control of scale and mites.
  • Prune shrubs, young trees and dead or broken limbs.
  • Do not prune spring flowering trees and shrubs until after bloom.
  • Twigs of spring shrubs cut and brought indoors add a splash of spring color.
  • Carefully remove snow from limbs with a broom.
  • Water evergreens if soil is dry and not frozen.

Vegetables & Fruits

  • Make garden layouts to assist with planning process.
  • Purchase seeds for spring planting.
  • Have your soil tested.
  • Start broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage transplants.
  • Prune fruit trees including apples, pears and cherries.
  • Apply dormant oil to reduce scale and mites on fruit trees.
  • Apply lime sulfur applications on peaches and raspberries to reduce diseases.
  • Prune peach and nectarines just prior to bloom time.
  • Select varieties and order new fruit trees.
  • Check for rabbit and rodent damage on fruit trees.
  • Apply manure or compost to garden areas and incorporate for soil improvement.
  • Prepare garden soil for early planting, but do not work soil when wet.
  • Check stored seeds for germination and discard packets with poor germination.
  • Prune grapes, raspberries and blackberries.

Houseplants

  • Rotate plants to produce a balanced plant.
  • Withhold fertilization until spring light arrives.
  • Check plants for insects, mites and other problems.
  • Remove dust from plants by placing in the shower under room temperature water.
  • Repot root-bound plants in a 1-2 inch larger pot.
  • Take cuttings of plants to make new ones.
  • Shape plants for spring growth to produce a more balanced plant.
  • Keep poinsettias and other plants near a bright window and water as top of soil becomes dry.
  • Increase humidity around houseplants by placing them on a pebble-water tray.

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March

Lawns

  • Mow lawn around 3 inches for bluegrass and tall fescue depending on growth.
  • Lower mower height by 1/2 inch to remove debris and avoid scalping the lawn.
  • Spot spray early spring weeds.
  • Apply crabgrass preventer in late March through mid-April.
  • Spot seed bare areas by loosening soil with a rake.
  • Soil test every three to five years.

Flowers

  • Plant cool season annuals around mid-March – pansies, stocks, bachelor buttons, snapdragons and calendula.
  • Prepare soil by adding organic matter for spring planting and test.
  • Clean up garden by removing old growth as new foliage emerges.
  • Start transplants under lights.
  • Plant perennials.
  • Plant new roses (consider own root roses).
  • Remove winter mulch when spring growth begins.
  • Divide overgrown perennials.
  • Fertilize spring flowering bulbs as they emerge.
  • Pinch seed pods from spring bulbs and retain foliage until yellowed.
  • Cut ornamental grasses back to 6 inches.

Trees & Shrubs

  • Unwrap tree trunks by middle of month.
  • Prune deciduous trees after flowering.
  • Prune spring flowering shrubs after blooming.
  • Fertilize young trees and shrubs.
  • Plant new trees and shrubs through early May for best results.
  • Mulch around bases to reduce competition and protect trunks from damage.
  • Apply a dormant oil application to control scales, insects and mites, if needed.

Vegetables & Fruits

  • Prepare soil for spring planting.
  • Plant spring transplants: broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage.
  • Plant potatoes, peas, onions and other salad crops.
  • Start transplants for garden.
  • Plant asparagus and rhubarb.
  • Prune fruit trees, berry vines and canes.
  • Apply dormant oil to fruit crops for control of mites and scale insects.
  • Treat for peach leaf curl with lime sulfur.
  • Plant new fruit crops.
  • Turn compost pile or start a new one.

Houseplants

  • Begin fertilization as spring sunlight increases.
  • Propagate new plants from cuttings.
  • Give leggy plants a hair cut.
  • Repot overgrown plants into next size larger pot, about 1 inch bigger.
  • Do not rush to move plants outdoors until temperatures remain about 55 degrees.
  • Clean plants by washing off dust in the shower or with a stream of room temperature water.

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April

Lawns

  • Apply crabgrass preventer through mid-April.
  • When mowing in spring, do not remove more than one-third of the leaf blade height.
  • Mow bluegrass and tall fescue to 3 inches.
  • Sharpen mower blades often (every 6 to 10 mowings).
  • Let grass clippings fall into the grass; don’t catch it.
  • Don’t water during this month to help decrease summer water needs.

Flowers

  • Divide and move perennials.
  • Prepare soil by adding organic matter and fertilizer.
  • Remove winter mulch from roses, but keep nearby for protection from late freezes. Prune and fertilize as needed.
  • Fertilize woody plants before new growth begins.
  • Allow foliage of spring-flowering bulbs to remain in place after blooms fade.
  • Plant hardy perennials, such as daylilies and delphiniums.
  • Begin applying fungicides to roses to control diseases such as black spot.
  • Plant new roses.
  • Cut back last year’s growth from perennials.
  • Remove seeds from spring flowering bulbs.

Trees & Shrubs

  • Prune spring-flowering trees after flowering.
  • Prune tender shrubs (roses, butterfly bush, crape myrtle) to 1/4 inch above new growth.
  • Plant a tree to celebrate National Arbor Day.
  • Prune deciduous trees for quick healing.
  • Apply mulch around young trees and shrubs to conserve moisture.
  • Water newly planted trees and shrubs on a regular basis.
  • Check pine trees for diseases and control.
  • Remove tree stakes after one growing season.
  • Remove winter tree wrap.
  • Never top a tree.

Vegetables & Fruits

  • Plant seeds of cool-season crops directly in the garden as soon as soil dries enough to be worked.
  • Plant or transplant strawberries, raspberries and other small fruit.
  • Plant carrots, onions, beets, lettuce and spinach.
  • Keep seedlings thinned to promote growth.
  • Fertilize vegetable gardens before planting.
  • Cultivate soil to control weeds.
  • Turn compost pile regularly.
  • Harvest asparagus until spear size decreases.
  • Plant asparagus and rhubarb.
  • Harvest rhubarb leaves by pulling and remove seed stalks.
  • Remove mulch from strawberry beds.
  • Prune raspberry and blackberry plants.
  • Prune fruit trees.
  • Spray fruit trees on a regular basis for insect and disease-free fruit.
  • Avoid spraying insecticides when crops are in bloom to save the honeybees.

Houseplants

  • Remove winter dust from leaves.
  • This is a good time to repot houseplants.
  • Start fertilizing now.
  • Fertilize amaryllis and put in high light.

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May

Lawns

  • Verticut or core aerate zoysia to reduce thatch.
  • Sod bare areas of zoysia.
  • Fertilize zoysia with a high nitrogen fertilizer.
  • Mow zoysia to 1-2 inches.
  • Apply slow release fertilizer to bluegrass and tall fescue.
  • Mow bluegrass and tall fescue to 3 inches.
  • Spot treat broadleaf weeds.
  • Withhold watering until needed in June or later.
  • Mulch grass clippings back into the lawn.
  • Keep mower blade sharp.

Flowers

  • Apply fungicides to roses to control diseases such as black spot.
  • Start transplanting annuals grown from seed or purchased in a nursery after hardening off.
  • Continue to plant and divide perennials.
  • Mulch perennial and annual gardens.
  • Begin pinching chrysanthemums.
  • Allow foliage of spring-flowering bulbs to remain in place after blooms fade.
  • Plant containers and hanging baskets.

Trees & Shrubs

  • Prune early spring-flowering trees and shrubs after flowers fade.
  • Plant balled-and-burlap or container nursery stock, and water thoroughly.
  • Remove and destroy overwintering bagworms from landscape trees and shrubs.
  • Mulch around young trees and shrubs.
  • Water young trees and shrubs as needed.
  • Remove tree wrap.
  • Remove tree stakes that have been in place for one growing season.
  • Do not damage the bark of trees and shrubs with line trimmers.

Vegetables & Fruits

  • Plant tomato, pepper and eggplant transplants in early May.
  • Seed sweet corn, cucumbers, squash, beans and other warm season vegetables.
  • Cultivate lightly with a hoe to control weeds.
  • Mound soil around potato plants.
  • Continue to harvest asparagus until spear size decreases.
  • Remove rhubarb seed stalks.
  • Plant kitchen herbs for summer cooking.
  • Harvest salad crops.
  • Keep broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage fertilized.
  • Treat fruit trees to manage insects and disease.
  • Thin apples to increase fruit size.

Houseplants

  • Begin hardening off houseplants outdoors in shady locations.
  • Fertilize plants to promote growth.
  • Wash dusty leaves in the shower.
  • Repot into a one-inch larger pot.
  • Check for insects.

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June

Lawns

  • Mow bluegrass and tall fescue to 3-3 1/2 inches.
  • Mulch grass clippings back into the lawn.
  • Fertilize zoysia.
  • Sod bare areas in zoysia lawns.
  • Core aerate zoysia to reduce thatch.
  • Spot treat weeds.
  • Water sparingly to increase drought tolerance.
  • Maintain lawn mower.

Flowers

  • Pinch tips of chrysanthemums, petunias and coleus for bushier plants.
  • Deadhead annuals and perennials.
  • Mulch flower gardens.
  • Pull or carefully spot treat weeds in flower beds.
  • Water 1 to 1 1/2 inches per week if no rainfall.
  • Deadhead roses to promote more blooms.
  • Fertilize roses monthly with a rose fertilizer through mid-August.
  • Remove spring flowering bulb leaves after they have turned yellow.
  • Watch for signs of insect damage.

Trees & Scrubs

  • Prune spring flowering shrubs and trees early in the month.
  • Water newly planted trees and shrubs every week or two when dry. Soak deeply.
  • Mulch trees and shrubs to protect from trunk damage.
  • Prune pines by cutting back one-half of new growth.
  • Check for insects and control only if damage will affect plant health.
  • Clip hedges regularly.
  • Continue planting new trees and shrubs.

Vegetables & Fruits

  • After strawberry harvest, reduce the number of plants and fertilize.
  • Stop harvesting asparagus and rhubarb mid-month and fertilize.
  • Plant sweet corn, pumpkins and other summer crops.
  • Use drip or soaker hoses when watering to avoid wetting foliage.
  • Control tomato leaf disease with fungicide applications.
  • Mulch vegetable garden.
  • Water 1 to 1 1/2 inches per week.
  • Harvest vegetables at their peak.
  • Remove cool season crops and plant squash and cucumbers.
  • Apply pest control to reduce fruit insects and disease.
  • Mow with caution around fruit trees to protect the trunks.
  • Plant herbs for summer cooking and pinch as needed.
  • Turn compost pile.

Houseplants

  • Water and fertilize as needed.
  • Move plants outdoors in a shady location for the summer.
  • Repot into a 1-inch larger pot.
  • Wash plants to remove winter dust.
  • Watch for insects and treat as needed.

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July

Lawns

  • Water lawns deeply, applying 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week.
  • Mow tall fescue and bluegrass grass at 3 to 3.5 inches.
  • Fertilize zoysia with a high nitrogen fertilizer.
  • Don’t remove clippings from the lawn.
  • Be careful to avoid nicking tree trunks while mowing.
  • Apply preventive treatment for white grubs.

Flowers

  • Supplement natural rainfall, if any, to supply 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week.
  • Remove faded blossoms from annual and perennial flowers.
  • Fertilize annuals.
  • The foliage of spring-flowering bulbs can be removed safely after it fades.
  • Deadhead faded rose blossoms.
  • Continue rose spray program to control insects and diseases, as needed.
  • Continue rose fertilization program and water, water, water.
  • Keep gardens mulched with 2 – 4 inches of organic mulch.
  • Divide and replant crowded irises.
  • Early in the month, complete the final pinching of chrysanthemums.

Trees & Shrubs

  • Continue a fruit tree spray program to keep diseases and insects under control.
  • Remove water sprouts (sprouts from the trunk) and suckers (sprouts from the roots) from fruit trees.
  • Prop up fruit tree branches that are heavily loaded with fruit.
  • Be careful to avoid nicking tree trunks while mowing.
  • Water newly planted trees and shrubs every week or two when dry. Soak deeply.
  • Keep plants mulched to conserve moisture and cool roots.
  • Prune diseased, dead and hazardous limbs.
  • Control bagworms while bags are small.

Vegetables & Fruits

  • Supplement natural rainfall, if any, to supply 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week.
  • Harvest crops such as tomatoes, squash, okra, peppers, beans and cucumbers frequently to encourage further production.
  • Treat tomatoes for foliar disease with a fungicide, if needed.
  • Complete succession planting of bush beans and sweet corn.
  • Fertilize vegetables to encourage plant development.
  • Mulch garden to control weeds and conserve soil moisture.
  • Dig and store potatoes and onions.
  • This is a good time to fertilize strawberries.
  • Harvest raspberries when fully colored and easily separated from stem and remove old canes.
  • Plant fall crops such as potatoes and broccoli.
  • Spray sweet corn silks to control corn earworms.

Houseplants

  • Watch closely houseplants that have been set outdoors and water frequently.
  • Watch for insects and treat as needed.
  • Continue to water and fertilize plants kept indoors.

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August

Lawns

  • For bluegrass, supplement natural rainfall, if any, to supply 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week.
  • Tall fescue needs 1 inch of water per week.
  • Fertilize zoysia for the last time by mid-month.
  • Continue mowing as needed.

Flowers

  • Supplement natural rainfall, if any, to supply 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week.
  • Early morning watering is best so foliage will dry before night fall to reduce disease.
  • Keep deadheading annuals and perennials to promote fall flowering.
  • Replenish mulch around plants to conserve water and control weeds.
  • Fertilize perennials for fall growth.
  • Fertilize annuals for the last time this season.
  • Fertilize roses for the last time by mid-month.
  • Divide iris by mid-month.
  • Divide daylilies while dormant in mid-summer.
  • Plant hollyhocks, poppies and larkspur.
  • Keep hummingbird feeders supplied with fresh water/sugar mixture.

Trees & Shrubs

  • Spray or hand prune and destroy bagworms.
  • Maintain a 3 to 4 inch layer of mulch around trees and shrubs.
  • Prune damaged and dead limbs.
  • Water young trees and shrubs every 10 days as needed.
  • Check plants for girdling wires from planting or staking.
  • Prune and shape hedges for the last time this season.
  • Do not fertilize trees and shrubs to allow hardening off before winter.

Vegetables & Fruits

  • Prune out and destroy raspberry and blackberry canes that bore fruit this year.
  • Supplement natural rainfall, if any, to supply 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week.
  • Complete fall planting by direct seeding vegetables such as carrots, beets, kale and snap beans early in the month.
  • Transplant seedlings of broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage for fall.
  • Harvest potatoes and onions.
  • Harvest beans, tomatoes, peppers and squash often to encourage production.
  • Prop up tree limbs heavy with fruit to prevent breakage.
  • Discourage birds from eating fruit with netting on the trees.
  • Fertilize and water strawberry beds to encourage buds to set next spring.

Houseplants

  • Fertilize to promote growth before light levels decrease in winter.
  • Water as needed.
  • Remove dust layers from plants by washing off in the shower or wiping with a damp cloth.
  • Repot pot-bound plants into a 1-inch larger pot.
  • Leach pots with fresh water to reduce fertilizer salts in the media.

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September

Lawns

  • Begin seeding new lawns and bare spots in established lawns.
  • Apply a high nitrogen fertilizer to bluegrass and tall fescue lawns.
  • Spot treat weeds in the lawn with a broadleaf weed killer.
  • Core aerate bluegrass and tall fescue.
  • Mow lawn to 2-3 inches.
  • Keep leaves mulched or picked up.

Flowers

  • Plant, transplant or divide peonies, daylilies, iris, Oriental poppies and phlox.
  • Plant perennials and spring wildflowers.
  • Continue deadheading roses.
  • Plant cool-season annuals such as calendulas, diascias, linaria, nemesias, pansies, petunias, snapdragons, stocks, sweet alyssum and violas.
  • Cut down peony foliage as it begins to discolor.
  • Plant spring flowering bulbs.
  • Divide overgrown perennials.

Trees & Shrubs

  • Fall is a good time to plant new trees and shrubs.
  • Replenish mulch layer.
  • Prune dead, hazardous or broken limbs.
  • Check tree stakes for damage to trunk and remove ones that have been in place for more than a year.

Vegetables & Fruits

  • Harvest apples, pears, grapes and everbearing strawberries and raspberries.
  • Pears are best ripened off the tree.
  • Remove raspberry canes after they bear fruit.
  • Clean up fallen fruits, twigs and leaves around apple (including crabapple) and other fruit trees to reduce disease and insect carryover.
  • Dig onions and garlic after tops fall over naturally and necks begin to dry.
  • Plant radishes, green onion sets, lettuce and spinach for fall harvest.
  • Thin fall crops such as lettuce and carrots that were planted earlier.
  • Harvest crops such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, melons and sweet potatoes.
  • Till soil and incorporate organic matter for next season.

Houseplants

  • Bring houseplants indoors before night temperatures drop into low 60’s. Check and control insects and diseases before putting near other houseplants.
  • Reduce fertilization as light levels decrease.
  • Water as needed.
  • Poinsettias saved from last year can be re-flowered by providing complete darkness for 15 hours daily from about Oct. 1 until about Dec. 10.
  • Thanksgiving (or Christmas) cactus can be forced into bloom by providing 15 hours of complete darkness daily for approximately eight weeks. Keep temperature at about 60 to 65F. Temperatures of 55F will cause flower buds to set without dark treatment.

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October

Lawns

  • Mow bluegrass at 2 to 3 inches.
  • Mow tall fescue at 3 inches.
  • Core aerate bluegrass and tall fescue through mid-month.
  • Control dandelions, henbit and chickweed.
  • Sharpen mower blade for a clean and healthier turf.
  • Mulch or remove leaves to prevent grass suffocation.
  • Fertilize bluegrass and tall fescue if not done in September.

Flowers

  • Plant spring flowering bulbs through Thanksgiving for best results.
  • Pull any frost-killed annuals and discard.
  • Till soil in annual beds and add organic matter.
  • Remove perennial stems and stalks as they die down.
  • Dig tender bulbs for winter storage (cannas, glads, dahlias).
  • Delay winter mulching until several hard freezes.
  • Begin winter rose care, remove diseased leaves and provide good soil moisture.
  • Sow fall germinating annuals, poppies, larkspur or hollyhocks.

Trees & Shrubs

  • Plant new trees and shrubs.
  • Water new and establishing plants as needed to send into winter with ample moisture.
  • Provide ample moisture for all evergreens before winter.
  • Prune dead, broken and diseased branches and limbs.
  • Wrap young tree trunks to prevent winter injury and rabbit damage.
  • Transplant seedlings when dormant after foliage drops.
  • Turn leaves into compost or add as a soil amendment.

Vegetables & Fruits

  • Harvest crops as needed.
  • Plant garlic for a jump on spring growth.
  • Dig sweet potatoes and clean for winter storage.
  • Remove garden debris and discard fallen fruit to reduce insects and disease next year.
  • Till garden soil and add organic matter.
  • Store pumpkins and winter squash in a cool, dry location for prolonged storage.
  • Harvest late season apple varieties.
  • Store leftover seeds dry in refrigerator.
  • Have your soil tested and correct pH if recommended.

Houseplants

  • Start dark treatment for poinsettia flowering.
  • Bring houseplants indoors.
  • Check plants for insects to prevent spread.
  • Wash dust from plants by placing in shower or wipe with damp cloth.
  • Stop fertilizing until spring.
  • Avoid hot and cold drafts on plants.

Miscellaneous

  • Drain and store garden hoses and sprinklers.
  • Clean and sharpen tools and wipe with oil.
  • Continue to turn compost pile and keep moist.
  • Store clay and other moisture absorbing containers indoors to prolong life.

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November

Lawns

  • Rake fallen leaves to prevent winter suffocation.
  • Fertilize bluegrass and tall fescue to promote root development and early spring green up.
  • Provide turf with ample moisture as it goes into winter.
  • Control dandelions, henbit and chickweed.
  • Mow as need at 2 to 3 inches.
  • Drain gas or add a stabilizer to lawn mower engine for winter storage and make needed repairs.

Flowers

  • Clean up rose beds to help reduce disease next season.
  • Mulch grafted roses with a mound of soil 6 to 8 inches.
  • Remove frost killed annuals.
  • Add organic matter and expanded shale to improve the tilth of annual flowerbeds.
  • Continue to plant spring flowering bulbs.
  • Dig and store tender bulbs in a cool, dry area.
  • Cut back tall rose canes to 24 inches to prevent winter breakage.
  • Cut back perennials to 4 to 6 inches.
  • Mulch perennials after several hard freezes.

Trees & Shrubs

  • Water newly planted trees and shrubs during dry spells.
  • Evergreens, both young and old, should have ample moisture during winter.
  • Protect young plants from rabbit damage by wrapping or making a wire screen.
  • Plant new trees and shrubs.
  • Rake leaves.
  • Check mulch layers and replace with a 2 to 4 inch layer.
  • Prune dead or hazardous limbs.
  • Do not prune spring flowering trees and shrubs until after bloom.
  • Protect trees from deer damage by either fencing or timely applications of repellents.

Vegetables & Fruits

  • Sort apples in storage and remove spoiled fruit.
  • Clean and remove fallen fruit from around trees to reduce insects and disease next year.
  • Start planning garden for next year.
  • Remove all debris from the garden.
  • Take a soil test and make needed adjustments this fall.
  • Till garden soil and add organic matter.
  • Mulch strawberries after several hard freezes.

Houseplants

  • Check plants for insects such as aphids and spider mites.
  • Keep plants away from heat vents and cold drafts.
  • Locate plants away from windows about 1 foot to protect from winter cold.
  • Stop fertilizing until spring.
  • Water as needed and avoid letting roots stand in water.
  • Rinse to remove dust from leaves.
  • Continue dark treatment of poinsettias for holiday re-blooming.
  • Plant and water amaryllis bulbs for Christmas bloom.

Miscellaneous

  • Drain and store garden hoses and sprinklers.
  • Clean and oil garden tools, sprayers and other equipment.
  • Continue to turn compost pile and keep moist.
  • Start a new compost pile using fallen leaves.

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December

Lawns

  • Remove leaves, limbs and other debris from lawn to prevent suffocation.
  • Store unused fertilizers in dry, cool location and out of reach of children and pets.
  • Avoid extensive walking on frozen grass.

Flowers

  • Mulch hybrid tea roses by mounding soil 6 to 8 inches deep to protect graft.
  • Mulch perennial beds with 2 to 4 inches of straw or shredded leaves.
  • Cut tall hybrid tea roses back to 24 inches to reduce wind whipping and plant damage.
  • Continue to plant spring flowering bulbs until the ground freezes.
  • Empty decorative pots and containers, storing inside.
  • Shrub roses such as Knock Out need no winter care.
  • Check summer bulbs in storage for decay, discard as necessary.

Trees & Shrubs

  • Heavy snow should be kept from limbs by lightly shaking to avoid damage.
  • Avoid shoveling snow onto trees and shrubs.
  • Check and protect the trunks of young trees and shrubs for rabbit damage.
  • Living Christmas trees should be in the home less than one week, then, acclimate to the outdoors and plant in desired location.
  • Prune damaged branches throughout the winter months.
  • Water newly planted trees and shrubs in winter to prevent dry soil conditions.
  • Mulch roots of tender shrubs such as azaleas and rhododendrons.

Vegetables & Fruits

  • Store unused seeds in a cool, dry location or refrigerator.
  • Check Vegetables in storage for spoilage.
  • Mulch strawberries for winter protection.
  • Clean and oil garden hand tools for winter.
  • Till soil and add organic matter.
  • Store unused garden chemicals in a cool, dry and safe location.

Miscellaneous

  • Turn compost pile to encourage winter breakdown.
  • Keep houseplants out of hot and cold drafts.
  • Repair, sharpen and store tools for winter.

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University of Missouri Extension Master Gardener Program